Powdered fuel for internal combustion engines



Patented Sept. 12, 1933 i POWDERED FUEL FOR INTERNAL COM- BUSTIONENGINES Rudolf Pawlikowski, Goerlitz, Germany No Drawing. ApplicationFebruary 10, 1928, sggzal No. 253,510, and in Germany June 14, 1

6 Claims. (01. 44-9) In powdered fuel engines only such fuels canpression of the combustion air rapidly drives the be used as will igniteand burn up during the gases out of the fine grains. The coarser grainsshort time space of one stroke of the engine. This are then ignited bythe flame of the finer grains. capacity to burn is small if the grainsof powder My invention therefore provides the means for are large, orifthe fuel powder is moist (e. g. peat reducing the d ng s of th fuel p orwood-meal), high in ash content (e. g. coke The fi grinding ds to beCarried y $0 from the distillation of coal or lignite) and low in f r thn he r nd pow r j s n quick materials volatilizable by heat (e. g. cakeor an-, i ni i fin t pa l ar p n to b i the thracite coal, etc.) vcombustion air of the cylinder to that tempera- 1o s 1181 powders whichignite t dificulty ture which will result in the ignition and burnorburn up too slowly can be adapted for drivihg p Of the p Of the powderwhich is in the ing internal combustion engines in ac ord n e ,form oflarger grains within the time limit de with my invention by utilizingthem together with termined y the a e. quick igniting or burningkinds-of powder. one 'In order to surely bring about the ignition of 15.may ready mixture of l igniting wthe coarser ground powder grains in thecomders (e. g. coke powder, moist peat dust, coal bustion chamberQof theengine they should be dust with high ash content 5 1 i lat l introducedinto the cylinder only after the finer gases, etc.), and easily ignitingkinds (e. g. ligmore rapidly g n p w in F r thi nite powder or dust ofnaphthalene, anthracene, purpose h m x f coarse n fi particles 20 Sugaror t like) o the other hand, one may can be subjected to a separation asit enters the instead of using the previously prepared mixture,Cylinder, r x p y if in or the like. Thi

bring the two kind of powder having good and can be accomplished in themanner shown in my poor ignition qualities together as'it isintrocopending application Sen 390,997 by are duced into'the machine,that is, either ina small in refl ct rf in the inle conduits reservoiron the machine, in the injection nozzle, for 'retarding the u powder flw throughor eveninthecombustion chamber of the engine By thesereflecting Surfaces the coelsel' and itself. These various possibilitiesare illustratedin heavier grains are thrown back and retarded in mcppendmg application serialNos 39 7 filed their motion, while thefinerand lighter grains Septe b 3, 1929. I follow more easily the changes indirection of the si th qluihkignitingv kinds of powder are conveying aircurrent necessitated by these hinnearly alwaysmore costly than the 1igniting drances, and do not strike against the reflecting ki d it, iadvantageous in employing my meth walls. They therefore suffer nodecrease in ve- 011 t use greater t t of the l m g locity and pass intothe combustion space of the powder as the primary driving fuel and toadd engine Sooner than t coarser grains- 35 only a Small quantity of thequick igniting kind By means of my invention every too uncertainasprimer The quick igniting powder can be 1y, or too slowly igniting, ortoo slowly burning made of difierent kinds of combustible material kindof powder anthracite, coal of high from th 1 igniting powder, or undercertain ash content, coke residues from distillation, deconditions mayconsist of the same material as oiling bitumen removing opel'atimls,moist 40 the lat-ten peat, wood-meal, fallen leaves, animal carcasses,

the case of moist fuel or t which is high in etc.) can be adapted forutilization in internal ash one need only subject a f ti thereof,combustion engines by utilizing these slow ignitwhich. n easily bedetermined by experiment ing materials together with greater or lessquantito a more complete drying or de ashing (e. g. by ties of lignitepowder, low ash coal dust, finest 45 flotation or sifting) or in otherwards, by puri ground coal, powder of naphthalene or other fying it withrespect to its ignition properties, in Solid hydrmcarb? sucfh asanthracene or Sugar order to obtain a mixture which will operate satorany other easlly igmtable powderjsfactorfly in an internalcombustioniengme. In certain cases the slow igniting powder can 50 w thmany fuel powders it is um ient mere, also be impregnated withsubstances favoring ig- 1y'1;o grind relatively-small t of the fu lnition such as saltpeter, potassium chlorate, powder very fine, leavingthe greater part in the P us Solution, With ap gases of form of largergrains so as to reduce the cost of easily ighitable Substances s y be dproduction. The finest powder grains th n 1 either before the fuel isfed into the engine or 55 flame first during the operation of themachine in he n in its l 1 l0 and sufficiently quickly, because theheatof com- The capacity for igni ing and burning of various powderedfuels is dependent upon a number of different factors, principal ofwhich are grain size, moisture content, ash content, and content ofreadily volatile combustible substances. vThe present invention isconcerned with'the capacity of powdered fuels to ignite and burn in aninternal combustion engine during a single stroke. Fuel powders whichare unable to ignite and burn up completely within. a single stroke, dueto large grain size, high moisture. content, etc., I refer to as havingslow ignition and burning qualities. Substances which are capable ofigniting and burning completely in less than a single stroke of theengine I refer to. as having rapid ignition and burning qualities. Sincethe capacity of a certain fuel powder to ignite and burn up within asingle stroke is dependent upon the type of engine, the form of. thecombustion chamber in the working cylinder, and the driving conditionsof the engine, as well as the nature of the fuel powder itself, whatwould be a slow igniting and burning powder for one engine might be arapid igniting and burning powder for another engine.

In carrying out the process according to my invention any internalcombustion, engine of the reciprocating type (c. g. Diesel, semi-Diesel,hot bulb v, or any other high pressure motor) or any engine working onthe turbine principle (e. g. according to the Holzwarth system) may beused. The process can also be used in the type of inter-' nal combustionengines not used for the production of power, but primarily for theproduction of certain chemical products as waste gases.

Having described my invention, 1'. claim:

1. A fuel for internal combustion engines composed of a powder allparticles of which are sufiiciently small to pass through the fuel valveof an internal combustion engine, the major portion of the fuelconsisting of a carbonaceous powder having such slow igniting andburning characteristics that it is intrinsically incapable of burning upcompletely within a single engine stroke, the remainder of the fuelconsisting of a predeterimned proportion of a priming powder consistingof a material which has been dried to a greater extent than the powderhaving slow igniting and burning characteristics.

2. A fuel for internal combustion engines composed of a powder allparticles of which are sufficiently small to pass through the fuel valveof an internal combustion engine, the major portion of the fuelconsisting of a carbonaceous powder having such slow. igniting andburning char acteristics that it is intrinsically incapable of burningup completely within a single engine stroke, the remainder of the fuelconsisting of a predetermined proportion of a priming powder consistingof a material having a lower ash con-' tent than the powder having slowigniting and burning characteristics.

3. A fuel for internal combustion engines composed of a powder allparticles of which are sufficiently small to pass through the fuel valveof an internal combustion engine, the major portion of the fuelconsisting of a carbonaceous powder having such slow igniting andburning characteristics that it is intrinsically incapable of burning upcompletely within a single engine stroke, the remainder of the fuelconsisting of a predetermined proportion of a priming powder consistingof a material characterized by a greater capacity for quickly yieldingcombustible gases under the influence of heat than the powder havingslow igniting and burning characteristics.

4. The method of making a fuel for internal combustion engines from acarbonaceous powder having such slow igniting and burningcharacteristics that it is intrinsically incapable of buming upcompletely within asingle engine'stroke, which comprises grinding asmall portion of said powder to a very small average particle size, andmixing said finely ground powder with the ,remainder of the powder.

5. A fuel for internal combustion engines consisting of a mixtureof'anthracite coal powder and lignite powder, the powders beingsufliciently fine to pass through the fuel valve of an internalcombustion engine, the anthracite coal powder forming the larger portionof the mixture, and the lignite powder being in sufiicient amount tocause the ignition and complete burning of the entiremixture in a singlestroke of the internal combustion engine with which the fuel is to beused.

6. A fuel for internal combustion engines composed of a carbonaceouspowder having slow igniting and burning qualities impregnated with asufllcient quantity of a volatile substance to cause the ignition andcomplete combustion of the powder within a single stroke of the internalcombustion engine in which the fuel is to be used, the powder beingsufiiciently fine to pass through the fuel valve of the internalcombustion engine.

RUDOLF PAWLIKOWSKE.

